Test Wais

WAIS

David wechsles autor de las escalas Wechsler, las cuales ademas de aplicarse individualmente: provienen de tests colectivos. La primer escala fue publicada en 1939, conocida como Wechsler Belleveu, con aplicación para selección de personal, la cual ha sido descontinuada al irse modificando hasta conformarse en el “Wais” (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

 

Otras de las escalas Wechsler son:

· Wisc-español (escala de inteligencia para niños escolares)

· Wisc-RM (Revisión de la escala Wisc, adaptación para mexicanos)

· Wippsi (escala de inteligencia para niños pre-escolares)

 

Las Hipótesis bajo las cuales fueron diseñadas las escalas Wechsler, son las siguientes:

 

a) Utilizando tests es posible cuantificar un fenómeno tan complejo como la inteligencia; considerándola en sus diversos factores componentes.

b) La inteligencia debe definirse como el potencial que permite al sujeto confrontar y resolver situaciones particulares.

c) La inteligencia se relaciona necesariamente con componentes biológicos del organismo.

 

Características Estructurales.

Las escalas Wais, Wisc y Wippsi; son escalas compuestas y formadas a su vez por una Escala Verbal y una Escala de Ejecución; por medio e dos escalas se obtienen tres puntuaciones: 1) C.I. Verbal, 2) C.I. de Ejecución y 3) C.I. Total. Estas puntuaciones muestran que la inteligencia está constituida no solamente por la habilidad para manejar símbolos, abstracciones y conceptos, sino también se relacionan con la habilidad para manejar situaciones y objetos concretos.

 

Las dos Escalas Constituyen la escala total; y cada una esta formada por una serie de pruebas específicas que se denominan “Subtests”, los cuales han sido organizados por niveles en orden de dificultad creciente.

 

Se encuentran cuatro tipos de subtests:

ESCALA VERBAL:

1. Subtests estrictamente verbales.- información, comprensión, semejanzas y vocabulario

2. Subtests de atención y concentración.- aritmética, retención de dígitos

ESCALA DE EJECUCIÓN:

1. Subtests visuales.- Figuras incompletas y ordenamiento de dibujos

2. Subtests visomotores.- Diseño con cubos, símbolos y dígitos, ensamble de objetos y laberintos en el (Wisc y Wippsi).

 

Aplicaciones de las escalas Wechsler:

a) Medida de inteligencia general

b) Medida de retraso mental

c) Ayuda en el diagnóstico psiquiátrico

d) Revela trastornos específicos como: Lesión cerebral, deterioro psicótico y dificultades emocionales a través de un análisis del funcionamiento de ejecución del sujeto examinado.

Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Adultos

Fue publicada en 1955 como una modificación de Wechsler Bellevue, para la aplicación de personas con 16 años en adelante. Se conforma de 11 subtest, 6 de escala verbal y 5 de la escala de ejecución.

-Escala Verbal

Informacion: 29 preguntas que exploran la cultura general del sujeto.

Comprension: 14 elementos que evaluan juicio logico y convencional del sujeto en la solucion de proble,as ( Creatividad, utilización de experiencia pasada)

Aritmetica: 14 problemas que miden concentración, atención, capacidad para el manejo de numeros, capacidad para resolver problemas por medio de operaciones numericas.

Semejanzas: 13 item, mide la capacidad de abstracción, Generalizacion del sujeto y su tipo de pensamiento: concreto, funcional o abstracto.

Retencion de digitos: Evalua la atención del individuo y su memoria inmediata.

Vocabulario. 40 palabras. Mide su dotacion natural, su estimularon temprana; refleja su medio ambiente y el manejo del lenguaje, capacidad de aprendizaje y la riqueza de ideas.

 

Escala de Ejecución:

Símbolos y dígitos: Mide aprendizaje, memoria visual, coordinación visomotora, velocidad psicomotriz, capacidad en tareas imitativas.

Figuras incompletas: 21 tarjetas. Mide organización visual y concentración visual.

Diseño con cubos: Mide coordinación visomotriz, percepción, capacidad de análisis y síntesis. Lógica y razonamiento.

Ordenamiento de figuras: Mide organización visual, capacidad de anticipación, sentido común, relaciones causales.

Ensamble de objetos: Mide coordinación visomotora, planeación e imaginación.

 

Análisis Cualitativo

Clasificación del C.I.

29 o menos = deficiencia mental profunda

30 a 49 = deficiencia mental media

50 a 69 = deficiencia menta superficial

70 a 79 = limítrofe (border line, fronterizo)

80 a 89 = subnormal

90 a 109 = Normal

110 a 119 = Normal brillante

120 a 129 = superior

130 o más = Muy superior

 

Aplicación y calificación de la prueba:

Tanto para la aplicación como para la calificación del test, es indispensable la utilización del Manual de instrucciones generales, debido a que cada subtest, cuenta con sus propias condiciones y consignas de aplicación e instrucciones de calificación. Se administra individualmente, su tiempo máximo de aplicación es de dos horas y media, tiempo mínimo dos horas.

 

Material de la prueba:

- un manual de instrucciones generales

- protocolos de respuestas

- una tabla de vocabulario

- una plantilla para símbolos y dígitos

- ocho conjuntos de tarjetas

- una plantilla de composición

- nueve cubos de madera rojos con blanco

- una libreta con figuras incompletas y diseño con cubos.

 

Calificación del Wais

Concepto de C.I.

Es un índice de inteligencia que se calcula con la siguiente fórmula:

C.I. = (EM / EC) 100

Y define la inteligencia de un individuo en relación a un grupo y su relativa brillantez o posibilidades intelectuales mas o menos permanentes en un individuo.

 

Concepto de Edad Mental E.M.:

Define distintos grados o niveles de inteligencia, y se calcula con la siguiente fórmula:

E.M. = (E.C. (en meses) (C.I.) / (100) / 12

 

C.I. por Cuarteta VIBS

V = Vocabulario

I = Información

B = Diseño con cubos

S = Semejanzas.

 

Procedimiento:

a) Se obtienen los puntajes pesados de los subtests VIBS

b) Suma de puntajes

c) Se multiplica la suma obtenida por la constante 2.7

d) Se obtiene el C.I. total correspondiente en las tablas del manual del Wais.

e) Se otorga el diagnóstico intelectual correspondiente.

 

Índice de Deterioro

El deterioro mental es la pérdida o disminución de las habilidades intelectuales; se considera que una persona da evidencia de deterioro mental cuando ya no es capaz de efectuar sus tareas mentales, con la velocidad, exactitud o eficiencia previamente características de su nivel de funcionamiento. La capacidad intelectual, al igual que otras capacidades, después de llegar a un máximo, comienza a declinar inmediatamente en forma muy lenta, pero después de un tiempo esta declinación se incrementa progresivamente.

El índice de deterioro se calcula con la siguiente fórmula:

M – 5/6 NM : M X 100 = ______ % I.D.

 

M = Suma de puntuaciones (puntajes pesados) de subtests que se mantienen con la edad.

NM = Suma de puntuaciones (puntajes pesados) de subtests que no se mantienen con la edad.

Se mantienen: No se mantienen:

- Información -Retención de dígitos

- Comprensión – Aritmética

- Vocabulario – Semejanzas

- Figuras incompletas – Ord. de figuras

- Ensamble de objetos – Diseño con cubos

- Símbolos y dígitos

 

El porcentaje de I.D., se compara con el promedio normal de deterioro a distintas edades, de acuerdo a la siguiente tabla:

 

EDADES % DETERIORO

20 – 24 0 %

25 – 29 1 %

30 – 34 3 %

35 – 39 5 %

40 – 44 8 %

45 – 49 11 %

50 – 54 14 %

55 – 59 16 %

 

Parámetros para determinar el índice de deterioro

a) Si el I.D. es mayor hasta un 10 % de lo normal para la edad, es SOSPECHOSO.

b) Si el I.D. es mayor de 11 a 20 % de lo normal para la edad, es CLÍNICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVO.

c) Si el I.D. es mayor del 20 % de lo normal para la edad, en adelante, es PATOLÓGICO.

 

 

PARA QUIENES GUSTEN, AQUI LES DEJO EL MANUEL DEL WAIS  —-MANUAL WAIS— (ESTANDARIZADO MEXICO)

71 thoughts on “Test Wais

  1. Alex says:

    yyyy te la rifaste brother gracias sige asi no hay mucha informacion de estos test por la red yeaaa gracias y mira buscando esta info te encontre carnal yeaaa gracias

  2. nelson says:

    buenas

    la información es interesante. favor anexar los protocolos, cuadernillos y metodos de calificaón si es posible a mi correo

    gracias

  3. Emily Romero says:

    Disculpa, hay alguna posibilidad de que me facilites mas información sobre el wais? por ejemplo al momento de aplicación en que reactivos debo detener la prueba y en que reactivos debo hacer los “compensatorios” para cada sub.prueba? te lo agradeceria enormemente. mi e-mail es emily87ve2@hotmail.com soy estudiante de psicologia y debo aprneder a aplicar esta prueba para el dia 26 de abril de 2010

  4. Hey, I found your blog in a new directory of blogs. I dont know how your blog came up, must have been a typo, anyway cool blog, I bookmarked you. :)

  5. Gimena says:

    Hola! la verdad que despues de tanto buscar informacion del Wais III encontre esto y me sirve mucho. Tendras las tablas para hacer las transformaciones? porque tengo que hacer un tp para la facu! muchas gracias

  6. EDU says:

    por fa me envian los cuaernilos y tablas de calificacion par aplicar
    gracias

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